Weekly Current Affairs · Week 20
Defence & Security
Defence science and strategic capability questions are high-frequency in UPSC Prelims, CDS, and SSC CGL. Agni-MIRV, the DRDO scramjet breakthrough, and the C-295 rollout are three independent, high-probability MCQ sources — know the differentiating technical facts.
Agni-V with MIRV Capability — Mission Divyastra
Strategic MissilesDRDOUPSC Priority
🕐 Why in News (May 2026): India successfully tested the MIRV-equipped Agni-V under Mission Divyastra, making it operationally confirmed — reinforcing India's credible minimum deterrence posture amid regional tensions.
- Missile: Agni-V — India's longest-range ballistic missile; range ~5,000–8,000 km (ICBM-class)
- MIRV full form: Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle — one missile carries multiple nuclear warheads, each directed at a separate target
- Mission name: Mission Divyastra — India's official codename for the MIRV test series
- Significance: India became the 6th nation globally to operationalise MIRV (after USA, Russia, China, UK, France)
- Developer: DRDO; produced by BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited)
- Guidance: Ring Laser Gyroscope Inertial Navigation System; MaRV (Manoeuvrable Re-entry Vehicle) capability
- Nuclear doctrine link: India follows No First Use (NFU) policy — MIRV strengthens assured retaliation / second-strike capability
One-liner MCQ anchors: MIRV missile = Agni-V | Mission name = Mission Divyastra | India's MIRV rank = 6th nation | Developer = DRDO | NFU = No First Use doctrine
DRDO Hypersonic Scramjet Combustor Breakthrough
Defence TechHypersonicsDRDL Hyderabad
🕐 Why in News: DRDO's Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad, successfully tested a scramjet combustor — solving the critical "sustained supersonic combustion" problem that had eluded India's hypersonic programme.
- Scramjet full form: Supersonic Combustion Ramjet — combustion occurs at supersonic airflow speeds; no onboard oxidiser needed (air-breathing)
- Speed class: Hypersonic = Mach 5 and above (~6,174 km/h at sea level)
- Key challenge solved: Maintaining stable flame inside a supersonic airstream — likened to "lighting a match in a hurricane"
- India's earlier milestone: HSTDV (Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle) — tested successfully in 2020; scramjet combustor is the next phase
- Lab: DRDL, Hyderabad — also develops BrahMos, Astra missile, Nag anti-tank missile
- Global context: China (DF-17), Russia (Zircon, Avangard), USA (ARRW) are leaders; India's breakthrough narrows the gap
One-liner MCQ anchors: Scramjet = Supersonic Combustion Ramjet | Hypersonic = Mach 5+ | Lab = DRDL, Hyderabad | India's demo vehicle = HSTDV (2020) | Air-breathing engine = no onboard oxidiser
First India-Assembled Airbus C-295 Rollout — Vadodara (17 May 2026)
Defence AviationMake in IndiaTASL
🕐 Why in News (17 May 2026): The first C-295 transport aircraft assembled entirely in India rolled out at Tata Advanced Systems Limited's Vadodara facility — the first-ever military aircraft manufactured in India by a private sector company.
- Aircraft: Airbus C-295 — medium-light tactical transport; capacity ~71 troops or ~9 tonnes payload
- Manufacturer (India): Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL), Vadodara, Gujarat
- Partner: Airbus Defence & Space, Spain — technology transfer agreement
- Contract: IAF signed ₹21,935 crore deal in Sept 2021; 56 aircraft total — first 16 from Spain, remaining 40 assembled in India
- Replaces: Ageing Avro HS-748 fleet of the Indian Air Force
- Historic first: First military transport aircraft manufactured by a private Indian company
- Engine: Twin turboprop — Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127G
One-liner MCQ anchors: Aircraft = C-295 | Assembler = TASL (Tata) | Location = Vadodara | Airbus country = Spain | Replaces = Avro HS-748 | Order = 56 aircraft | Contract = ₹21,935 crore
Economy, Schemes & Infrastructure
CAFE norms, semiconductor policy, women-led startup schemes, and state-level policy changes are standard GS-3 and banking exam topics. Each entry below has multiple standalone MCQ-worthy facts.
CAFE III Norms — Final Stage Rollout
Environment-EconomyBEEAutomobiles
🕐 Why in News: India formally moved into CAFE Phase III — the most stringent stage of its Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards — requiring automakers to achieve a fleet average of ~91.7 g CO₂/km, matching or exceeding EU levels.
- CAFE full form: Corporate Average Fuel Economy — mandatory fleet-level fuel efficiency standards for passenger vehicles
- Regulator: Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), Ministry of Power; implemented with MoRTH
- Three phases: Phase I (2017–20): 130 g CO₂/km → Phase II (2022–): 113 g CO₂/km → Phase III (2026+): ~91.7 g CO₂/km
- Penalty: ₹25,000 per vehicle for exceeding the norms
- EV boost: Electric vehicles counted at 0 g CO₂/km — strongly incentivises OEMs to add EVs to their fleet
- Paris Agreement link: Aligns with India's NDC targets; also linked to BS-VI Part 2 emission norms
- Key who: Affects all passenger vehicle OEMs — Maruti, Tata, Hyundai, Mahindra, Honda, Toyota etc.
One-liner MCQ anchors: CAFE = Corporate Average Fuel Economy | Regulator = BEE (Ministry of Power) | Phase III target = ~91.7 g CO₂/km | EV = 0 g count | Penalty = ₹25,000/vehicle
Delhi Collateral-Free Loan Scheme for Women-Led Startups (17 May 2026)
SchemeWomen EmpowermentFinancial Inclusion
🕐 Why in News (17 May 2026): Delhi government launched a collateral-free loan scheme specifically for women-owned startups to bridge the credit gap for first-generation women entrepreneurs who lack assets to pledge as security.
- Launched by: Delhi Government — 17 May 2026
- Target: Women entrepreneurs with registered startups / MSMEs in Delhi
- Key feature: No collateral required — loans backed by government guarantee
- Central parallels: Stand-Up India Scheme | MUDRA Yojana (Shishu/Kishor/Tarun) | Startup India initiative
- Credit guarantee link: Connects to CGTMSE (Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises)
One-liner MCQ anchors: State = Delhi | Target = Women-led startups | Feature = Collateral-free | Date = 17 May 2026 | Central parallels = Stand-Up India, MUDRA, Startup India
Karnataka Alcohol-in-Beverage Duty Reform (11 May 2026)
State PolicyExciseKarnataka
🕐 Why in News (11 May 2026): Karnataka restructured its excise duty framework for alcoholic beverages, shifting from a volume-based to a value/price-slab-based system — a significant fiscal and regulatory reform relevant for state finance and governance questions.
- Reform: Duty structure changed from volume-based levy to ad valorem (price-slab-based) taxation on alcoholic beverages
- Objective: Increase revenue efficiency, reduce duty evasion, align premium and economy segment taxation rationally
- Exam angle: Connects to State List (Entry 8 — intoxicating liquors), excise revenue as a major state income source, and fiscal federalism
- Significance: Karnataka is India's 3rd largest beer and spirits market; reform impacts major FMCG and liquor companies
One-liner MCQ anchors: State = Karnataka | Implementation = 11 May 2026 | Reform type = Ad valorem / price-slab excise duty | Constitutional link = State List, Entry 8 (intoxicating liquors)
Tata Electronics–ASML Semiconductor Fab — Dholera, Gujarat
Semiconductor MissionMake in IndiaMeitY
🕐 Why in News: India's semiconductor manufacturing ambitions moved forward with the Tata Electronics–ASML collaboration at Dholera gaining traction, reinforcing India's ₹76,000 crore India Semiconductor Mission.
- Project: Tata Electronics semiconductor fab at Dholera Special Investment Region (DSIR), Gujarat — India's first domestic fab
- ASML: Netherlands; sole global maker of EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography) machines — a strategic global chokepoint
- Chip node: Initially 28nm; roadmap to advanced nodes
- India Semiconductor Mission: Approved 2021; outlay ₹76,000 crore; Ministry = MeitY
- Other approved fabs: Micron (Sanand) | CG Power + Renesas (Sanand) | Kaynes Semicon (Sanand) — all ATMP units
- Strategic goal: Reduce dependence on Taiwan (TSMC) and China; secure domestic electronics supply chain
One-liner MCQ anchors: Company = Tata Electronics | Partner = ASML (Netherlands) | Location = Dholera, Gujarat | Mission outlay = ₹76,000 crore | Ministry = MeitY | ASML product = EUV lithography machines
India — 3rd Largest Renewable Energy Capacity Holder
Renewable EnergyClimateCOP Targets
🕐 Why in News: India surpassed Russia and Germany in total installed renewable energy capacity, crossing 250 GW — a landmark milestone on the way to the 500 GW non-fossil target by 2030.
- Global rankings: 1st = China | 2nd = USA | 3rd = India (crossed 250 GW)
- 2030 NDC target: 500 GW non-fossil energy capacity under Paris Agreement commitment
- Key solar scheme: PM Surya Ghar (Rooftop Solar, Feb 2024) — 1 crore households; subsidy up to ₹78,000
- ISA: International Solar Alliance — India-France initiative; HQ Gurugram; 120+ member nations
- Green Hydrogen Mission (2023): Target 5 MMT/year by 2030; outlay ₹19,744 crore
One-liner MCQ anchors: Rank = 3rd globally | Capacity = 250+ GW | 2030 target = 500 GW | Above India = China (1st), USA (2nd) | ISA HQ = Gurugram | PM Surya Ghar subsidy = ₹78,000
Science & Technology
National Technology Day is a perennial static-current affairs overlap topic with multiple MCQ angles. IN-SPACe's international engagement is increasingly tested in UPSC science and space governance questions.
National Technology Day 2026 — 11 May
Important DayStatic-Current OverlapTDB
🕐 Why in News: Observed on 11 May every year since 1999, National Technology Day 2026 carried the theme "Responsible Innovation for Inclusive Growth," with a focus on AI, quantum computing, and green technology — all under India's new science policy framework.
- Date: 11 May — observed annually since 1999
- 2026 Theme: "Responsible Innovation for Inclusive Growth"
- Commemorates: Pokhran-II (Operation Shakti) nuclear tests — 11 May 1998, under PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee
- Key scientists: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam (scientific lead) + Dr. R. Chidambaram (BARC Chairman)
- Also marks: First flight of Hansa-3 aircraft (CSIR-NAL) + first test of Trishul missile — both on 11 May 1998
- Organiser: Technology Development Board (TDB), Ministry of Science and Technology
- Declared by: PM Vajpayee declared 11 May as National Technology Day in 1999
One-liner MCQ anchors: Date = 11 May | Since = 1999 | Commemorates = Pokhran-II (1998) | Theme 2026 = Responsible Innovation for Inclusive Growth | Organiser = TDB | Also marks = Hansa-3 + Trishul first tests
IN-SPACe Delegation to Italy Space Meetings Veneto (16–17 May 2026)
Space DiplomacyIN-SPACeInternational
🕐 Why in News (16–17 May 2026): India's IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre) participated in the Space Meetings Veneto, Italy — a key international space commerce and cooperation forum — marking India's growing role in commercial space diplomacy.
- IN-SPACe full form: Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre
- Established: 2020, under Department of Space — India's nodal agency for private space sector regulation and promotion
- Role: Authorises private launches, leases ISRO facilities to private players, promotes India as a space hub
- Event: Space Meetings Veneto — annual international space industry event in Veneto region, Italy
- Significance: India is positioning itself as a global commercial space hub; IN-SPACe international engagement supports SpaceCom (space commerce) push
- Exam link: IN-SPACe → NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) → ISRO → Department of Space → PM's office oversight
One-liner MCQ anchors: IN-SPACe = Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre | Est. = 2020 | Parent = Department of Space | Event = Space Meetings Veneto, Italy | Dates = 16–17 May 2026
Environment & Geography
Ice-core paleoclimatology is an increasingly frequent UPSC Prelims topic connecting science, environment, and geography. Know the terminology and the discovery's significance for climate change evidence.
Oldest Antarctic Ice-Air Sample Discovery (16 May 2026)
PaleoclimatologyClimate ScienceAntarctica
🕐 Why in News (16 May 2026): Scientists announced the recovery of the oldest-ever ice sample containing trapped ancient air from Antarctica — providing a direct atmospheric record from over 1.2 million years ago, reshaping our understanding of past climate cycles.
- Discovery: Oldest ice core sample with trapped ancient air bubbles recovered from Antarctica — estimated age: ~1.2 million years
- What ice cores tell us: Trapped air = past atmospheric CO₂ levels, methane, temperature proxies; annual ice layers = "natural archive" of climate history
- Significance: Extends direct atmospheric record beyond the previous ~800,000-year limit; helps understand the Mid-Pleistocene Transition — when Earth's ice age cycles shifted from 41,000-year to 100,000-year periods
- Key method: Ice core drilling — cores extracted from deep Antarctic ice sheets; bubbles analysed via mass spectrometry
- IPCC link: Data from ice cores forms a primary evidence base for IPCC climate assessments and paleoclimate modelling
- Antarctic Treaty: Antarctica governed by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty System; no single nation claims it; scientific research protected
One-liner MCQ anchors: Discovery = Oldest ice-air sample | Age = ~1.2 million years | Location = Antarctica | Technique = Ice core drilling | Significance = Direct CO₂ record; extends beyond 800,000-year limit | Link = Mid-Pleistocene Transition
International Relations & Health
WHO emergency declarations and Indian bilateral FTA progress are high-frequency exam topics. The Ebola PHEIC carries multiple static linkages — know the WHO declaration mechanism, disease facts, and past PHEIC declarations.
WHO Ebola PHEIC Declaration (17 May 2026)
Global HealthWHOPHEIC
🕐 Why in News (17 May 2026): WHO declared Ebola a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) — the highest level of international health alert — following a resurgent outbreak, triggering coordinated global response protocols.
- PHEIC full form: Public Health Emergency of International Concern — declared under IHR (International Health Regulations) 2005
- Declared by: WHO Director-General, on advice of the IHR Emergency Committee
- Ebola basics: Caused by Ebola virus (Filoviridae family); zoonotic (fruit bats = reservoir); spreads via direct contact with bodily fluids; CFR up to 90%
- Past Ebola PHEICs: 2014–16 (West Africa — largest outbreak; ~11,300 deaths) | 2018–20 (DRC) | 2022 (DRC)
- Other PHEIC examples: H1N1 (2009) | Polio (2014, ongoing) | Zika (2016) | COVID-19 (2020–23) | Mpox (2022, 2024)
- IHR 2005: International Health Regulations — binding international legal instrument; 196 States Parties; governs cross-border health threats
- WHO head: Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (DG since 2017); HQ Geneva, Switzerland
One-liner MCQ anchors: PHEIC = Public Health Emergency of International Concern | Declared under = IHR 2005 | Ebola family = Filoviridae | Natural reservoir = Fruit bats | WHO DG = Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus | HQ = Geneva
India–Oman FTA Progress
Trade PolicyGCCIndia-Gulf Relations
🕐 Why in News: India and Oman advanced negotiations on a bilateral Free Trade Agreement — part of India's broader push to deepen economic ties with GCC nations, building on the India-UAE CEPA signed in 2022.
- Oman: Member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) — 6-member bloc (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman)
- FTA type: Bilateral FTA (not GCC-wide); covers goods, services, and investment
- India-UAE precedent: CEPA (Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) signed Feb 2022; first CEPA with a Gulf nation
- India-GCC trade: ~USD 160 billion annually; Oman among India's top Gulf trading partners
- Indian diaspora: ~800,000 Indians in Oman — largest expatriate community
- Negotiation body: Ministry of Commerce and Industry (DPIIT/Commerce Ministry)
One-liner MCQ anchors: FTA = India-Oman bilateral | GCC = 6 members | India-UAE CEPA = Feb 2022 (first Gulf CEPA) | India-GCC trade = ~USD 160 billion/year | Indians in Oman = ~800,000
Indian Ocean Dialogue (IOD-10) — New Delhi
IORAMaritime SecurityIndo-Pacific
🕐 Why in News: The 10th Indian Ocean Dialogue (IOD-10) was held in New Delhi with the theme "Indian Ocean Region in a Transforming World" — a key forum on maritime security, blue economy, and Indo-Pacific strategy relevant for IR and GS-2.
- Edition: IOD-10 (10th edition)
- Venue: New Delhi
- Theme: "Indian Ocean Region in a Transforming World"
- Hosted by: Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA) — India's premier foreign policy think tank, est. 1943
- IORA: Indian Ocean Rim Association — 23 member states; HQ Port Louis, Mauritius; India is a key member
- Key agenda: Maritime security, blue economy, climate resilience, China's IOR presence, SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) doctrine
- India's doctrine: SAGAR — PM Modi's 2015 vision for Indian Ocean security; India as a net security provider
One-liner MCQ anchors: IOD-10 | Venue = New Delhi | Theme = Indian Ocean Region in a Transforming World | Host = ICWA | IORA HQ = Port Louis, Mauritius | SAGAR = Security and Growth for All in the Region
Polity & Governance
Consumer protection regulatory actions and constitutional amendment discussions are standard GS-2 topics. CCPA's e-commerce notices connect directly to the Consumer Protection Act 2019.
CCPA Notices to Amazon, Flipkart, Meesho, JioMart — Herbicide Sales
Consumer ProtectionCCPAE-commerce Regulation
🕐 Why in News: The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) issued show-cause notices to four major e-commerce platforms for allegedly allowing the sale of banned or restricted herbicides without adequate safeguards — a landmark regulatory action under the Consumer Protection Act 2019.
- CCPA full form: Central Consumer Protection Authority — established under Consumer Protection Act, 2019
- Head: Chief Commissioner, CCPA; under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
- Platforms noticed: Amazon, Flipkart, Meesho, and JioMart
- Issue: Sale of restricted/banned herbicides (glyphosate-based and others) without mandatory safety controls
- Consumer Protection Act 2019: Replaced 1986 Act; introduced product liability, class action complaints, e-commerce rules, and CCPA as regulatory enforcer
- E-commerce Rules 2020: Mandate platforms to ensure listed products comply with applicable laws; platforms liable for non-compliance
One-liner MCQ anchors: CCPA = Central Consumer Protection Authority | Act = Consumer Protection Act 2019 | Ministry = Consumer Affairs | Platforms noticed = Amazon, Flipkart, Meesho, JioMart | Issue = Restricted herbicide sales
BRICS Supreme Audit Institutions Summit — Bengaluru
BRICSGovernanceCAG
🕐 Why in News: India hosted the BRICS Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI) Summit in Bengaluru — bringing together the top audit bodies of BRICS nations — with the theme "Ease of Living with Focus on Urban Mobility."
- Event: BRICS Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI) Summit
- Venue: Bengaluru, India
- Theme: "Ease of Living with Focus on Urban Mobility"
- India's SAI: Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) — Constitutional body under Article 148; current CAG = Girish Chandra Murmu
- BRICS members (2024 expanded): Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa + Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE, Saudi Arabia
- SAI role: Supreme audit institutions audit government finances, ensure transparency, and report to legislatures
One-liner MCQ anchors: Event = BRICS SAI Summit | Venue = Bengaluru | Theme = Ease of Living: Urban Mobility | India's SAI = CAG | CAG Article = Article 148 | BRICS original 5 = Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
Important Days & Miscellaneous
Everest records, important observances, and competitive exam milestones are frequent fillers in GK sections. Know the exact numbers and observance dates cold.
Kami Rita Sherpa — New Everest Summiting Record (17 May 2026)
GeographyWorld RecordGK
🕐 Why in News (17 May 2026): Nepali mountaineer Kami Rita Sherpa broke his own world record by summiting Mount Everest for the 30th time — the most ascents of the world's highest peak by any individual.
- Record: 30th summit of Mount Everest — most by any person in history
- Mountaineer: Kami Rita Sherpa, Nepal
- Mt. Everest facts: Height = 8,848.86 m (re-surveyed 2020) | Nepal name = Sagarmatha | Tibet name = Chomolungma
- First summit: Sir Edmund Hillary (New Zealand) + Tenzing Norgay Sherpa (Nepal) — 29 May 1953
- First Indian woman: Bachendri Pal — 1984
- Located in: Mahalangur Himal sub-range, Himalayas; on Nepal-Tibet (China) border
One-liner MCQ anchors: Record = 30 Everest summits | Person = Kami Rita Sherpa | Height = 8,848.86 m | Nepal name = Sagarmatha | First summit pair = Hillary + Tenzing (1953) | First Indian woman = Bachendri Pal (1984)
Important Days — 11–18 May 2026
Important DaysGK
- 11 May — National Technology Day: Theme 2026 = "Responsible Innovation for Inclusive Growth"; commemorates Pokhran-II (1998)
- 15 May — International Day of Families: Proclaimed by UN General Assembly (Res. 47/237, 1993); 2026 Theme focuses on family-friendly policies in the digital age
- 17 May — World Telecommunication and Information Society Day: Marks founding of ITU (International Telecommunication Union) in 1865; observed since 1969
- 18 May — International Museum Day (prepare in advance): Organised by ICOM (International Council of Museums) since 1977; theme 2026 = "The Future of Museums in Rapidly Changing Communities"
- 17 May — JEE Advanced 2026: Held on 17 May 2026; conducted by IITs on rotational basis; gateway to IIT undergraduate programmes
Key linkages: ITU est. = 1865 | Oldest UN specialised agency (pre-dates UN) | ICOM = International Council of Museums (NGO) | International Day of Families = 15 May annually since 1994
🧠 MCQ Practice Quiz — Week 20
12 questions based on current affairs from 11–17 May 2026. Click an option to see the instant answer and explanation.
Score: 0 / 0
📌 Exam Strategy Tips — Week 20, May 2026
- CAFE III: Three numbers to lock in — Phase I = 130 g, Phase II = 113 g, Phase III = ~91.7 g CO₂/km. Regulator = BEE (Ministry of Power). EV = 0 g count. Penalty = ₹25,000/vehicle.
- Agni-V MIRV: Mission name = Mission Divyastra | India = 6th nation with MIRV | Developer = DRDO | Doctrine = No First Use (NFU). Four independent MCQ facts.
- C-295 rollout: Assembler = TASL (Tata) | City = Vadodara | Replaces = Avro HS-748 | Partner = Airbus (Spain) | Contract = ₹21,935 crore | 56 total aircraft. Know all six.
- WHO Ebola PHEIC: PHEIC = Public Health Emergency of International Concern | Under IHR 2005 | Ebola = Filoviridae family | Reservoir = fruit bats | WHO DG = Dr. Tedros | HQ = Geneva.
- National Technology Day: Date = 11 May | Since = 1999 | Commemorates = Pokhran-II (1998) | Also marks Hansa-3 first flight + Trishul first test. Theme = Responsible Innovation for Inclusive Growth.
- India RE rank: 3rd globally (China 1st, USA 2nd) | 250+ GW installed | 2030 target = 500 GW | ISA HQ = Gurugram | Green Hydrogen Mission = ₹19,744 crore, 5 MMT by 2030.
- Indian Ocean Dialogue: IOD-10 | New Delhi | Theme = Indian Ocean Region in a Transforming World | Host = ICWA | IORA HQ = Port Louis, Mauritius | India doctrine = SAGAR.
- Semiconductor fab: Tata Electronics + ASML (Netherlands, EUV machines) | Dholera SIR, Gujarat | Mission = India Semiconductor Mission, ₹76,000 crore | Ministry = MeitY.
- Kami Rita Sherpa: 30 Everest summits (record) | Height = 8,848.86 m | Sagarmatha (Nepal) | First summit = Hillary + Tenzing, 1953 | First Indian woman = Bachendri Pal, 1984.
- CCPA notices: Under Consumer Protection Act 2019 | Ministry = Consumer Affairs | Platforms = Amazon, Flipkart, Meesho, JioMart | Issue = restricted herbicide sales.